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Series · 19 posts

PCIe Deep Dive

ack-nak acs advanced aer aer-recovery architecture ari aspm ats bandwidth bar bitfield capability clkreq confidential-computing configuration-space debug-tools debugging dllp dma dpc dpdk driver-model dvsec ecam enumeration equalization error-handling flit-mode flow-control flr gen7 hot-plug ide interrupt-remapping interrupts intx iommu iommufd l0p l1-substates lane-margining latency linux linux-operations lspci ltssm max-payload mmio msi msi-x pam4 pasid pcie pcimem performance physical-layer pme power-management rebar reference register-map root-complex routing scalable-iov scenarios serdes setpci spdk split-transaction sr-iov svm sysfs tdisp tlp topology tph transaction-layer troubleshooting tuning vfio viommu virtio virtualization
pcie 19
1

Ch 1: PCIe Fundamentals — 계층 구조와 토폴로지

PCIe 아키텍처의 기초 — point-to-point 직렬 링크, 3-Layer 모델, Root Complex·Switch·Endpoint 토폴로지, Gen 1부터 7.0까지의 진화.

2

Ch 2: TLP — Transaction Layer Packet

PCIe의 기본 packet인 TLP — 3/4 DW header·5 가족·split transaction·라우팅 3 방식·Producer-Consumer ordering.

3

Ch 3: Configuration Space — 4 KB ECAM·Capability Linked List

PCIe Configuration Space — 256 byte PCI 영역 + 4 KB Extended·Type 0/1 header·Capability chain·ECAM 메모리 매핑.

4

Ch 4: BAR & MMIO — Device 자원의 호스트 주소 매핑

Base Address Register — Memory·I/O·64-bit·Prefetchable·size 결정·ReBAR·SR-IOV VF BAR.

5

Ch 5: Interrupts — INTx·MSI·MSI-X·Interrupt Remapping

PCIe 인터럽트 메커니즘 3가지 — Legacy INTx·MSI 32 vector·MSI-X 2048 vector·IOMMU Interrupt Remapping.

6

Ch 6: Power Management — D-state·L-state·ASPM

PCIe 전력 관리 — Device D0~D3·Link L0~L3·ASPM·L1 substates·CLKREQ·PME 흐름.

7

Ch 7: Error Handling — Correctable·Uncorrectable·AER·DPC

PCIe 에러 분류·계층별 처리·AER capability·DPC containment·Linux 복구 callback.

8

Ch 8: Data Link Layer — DLLP·ACK/NAK·Flow Control·FLIT Mode

PCIe DLL — ACK/NAK·replay buffer·credit-based flow control·LCRC·Gen 6+ FLIT mode.

9

Ch 9: Physical Layer — LTSSM·Equalization·SerDes

PCIe Physical Layer — LTSSM 11 state·link training timeline·4-phase equalization·TS1/TS2·SKP·encoding 진화.

10

Ch 10: Linux PCI Basics — Enumeration·Driver Model·sysfs

Linux kernel의 PCIe — boot enumeration·struct pci_dev·driver matching·probe/remove·sysfs entry·ACPI 통합.

11

Ch 11: DMA·IOMMU — Coherent·Streaming·ATS·PRI·PASID·IOMMUFD

Linux DMA API — coherent·streaming·scatter-gather·IOMMU mapping·ATS·PRI·PASID·SVM·IOMMUFD.

12

Ch 12: Virtualization I — Pass-through·SR-IOV·VFIO·DPDK·SPDK

PCIe hardware virtualization — SR-IOV PF/VF·VFIO container/group/device·DPDK·SPDK·ACS·FLR.

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Ch 13: Virtualization II — vIOMMU·Scalable IOV·VirtIO·IDE·TDISP

Guest 측 vIOMMU·Intel S-IOV·VirtIO·vDPA·live migration·Confidential I/O (IDE·TDISP·CMA-SPDM).

14

Ch 14: Linux Operations — Hot-plug·AER Recovery·DPC·ARI

PCIe 운영 — pciehp surprise·orderly hot-plug·AER recovery callback chain·DPC integration·ARI 256+ function·EEH.

15

Ch 15: Tools — lspci·setpci·pcimem·protocol analyzer

PCIe 디버깅 도구 — lspci 전체 옵션·setpci raw access·pcimem BAR R/W·protocol analyzer·debugfs.

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Ch 16: Troubleshooting — 실무 시나리오북

Device not visible·link training fail·downgrade·CE storm·hang·ACS group·hot-plug·성능 미달·lane reversal·power budget.

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Ch 17: Performance — Bandwidth·Latency·Tuning

PCIe 성능 — theoretical vs effective BW·MaxPayload·MaxReadReq·latency breakdown·NUMA·P2P·ASPM 영향·tuning.

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Ch 18: Register Maps — Config Space·Capability 비트 reference

PCIe register reference — Type 0/1 header·PCIe Cap·AER·MSI·MSI-X·SR-IOV·ACS·LTR의 주요 비트 layout.

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Ch 19: 고급 기능 — Lane Margining·10-bit Tag·TPH·ACS·L0p

코어 동작 너머의 PCIe spec 기능들 — Lane Margining(신호 마진 측정)·10-bit Tag(outstanding 확장)·TPH(캐시 주입 힌트)·ACS(격리)·L0p(부분폭 저전력)을 실무 관점에서 정리합니다.